朗阁海外考试研究中心  

考试日期： 2015 年 12 月 3 日

Reading Passage 1

Title: Deep sea fish

Question types:

判断题 6 题

填空题 7 题

文章内容回顾

一个德国科学家在埃及红海潜水想确认 15m 以下到底有没有红光（理

论上来讲是没有任何光线的）。结果在海底 20m 的地方他看见了红色的

鱼，即使取下红色滤光片用肉眼也能看见。因为在这个深度不可能有

光线，所以他猜想是荧光，但是没有设备验证，只能尽可能多的拍照

片。回德国之后证实了这确实是荧光， 50 种鱼都有这种荧光，是皮下

的细胞里的晶体发出的，不是晶体本身，可能是晶体里的荧光蛋白，

这个蛋白可能是细菌制造的。鱼用这个红光来识别种群，标示位置，

吓退敌人，掩盖自己，捕捉猎物。

相关英文原文阅读

The fish of the deep-sea are among the strangest and most elusive

creatures on Earth. In this deep unknown lie many unusual creatures

that have yet to be studied. Since many of these fish live in regions

where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their

eyesight for locating prey and mates and avoiding predators;

deep-sea fish have evolved appropriately to the extreme sub-photic

region in which they live. Many of these organisms are blind and rely

on their other senses, such as sensitivities to changes in local

pressure and smell, to catch their food and avoid being caught.

Those that aren’t blind have large and sensitive eyes that can use

bioluminescent light. These eyes can be as much as 100 times more

sensitive to light than human eyes. Also, to avoid predation, many

species are dark to blend in with their environment.

Many deep-sea fish are bioluminescent, with extremely large eyes

adapted to the dark. Bioluminescent organisms are capable of

producing light biologically through the agitation of molecules of

luciferin, which then produce photons of light. This process must be

done in the presence of oxygen. These organisms are common in the

mesopelagic region and below (200m and below). More than 50% of

deep-sea fish as well as some species of shrimp and squid are

capable of bioluminescence. About 80% of these organisms have

photophores – light producing glandular cells that contain luminous

bacteria bordered by dark colorings. Some of these photophores

contain lenses, much like those in the eyes of humans, which can

朗阁海外考试研究中心

Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations

intensify or lessen the emanation of light. The ability to produce light

only requires 1% of the organism's energy and has many purposes: It

is used to search for food and attract prey, like the anglerfish; claim

territory through patrol; communicate and find a mate; and distract or

temporarily blind predators to escape. Also, in the mesopelagic

where some light still penetrates, some organisms camouflage

themselves from predators below them by illuminating their bellies to

match the color and intensity of light from above so that no shadow is

cast. This tactic is known as counter illumination.

The life cycle of deep-sea fish can be exclusively deep water

although some species are born in shallower water and sink upon

maturation. Regardless of the depth where eggs and larvae reside,

they are typically pelagic. This planktonic – drifting – lifestyle requires

neutral buoyancy. In order to maintain this, the eggs and larvae often

contain oil droplets in their plasma. When these organisms are in

their fully matured state they need other adaptations to maintain their

positions in the water column. In general, water’s density causes

upthrust – the aspect of buoyancy that makes organisms float. To

counteract this, the density of an organism must be greater than that

of the surrounding water. Most animal tissues are denser than water,

so they must find an equilibrium to make them float. Many organisms

develop swim bladders (gas cavities) to stay afloat, but because of

the high pressure of their environment, deep-sea fishes usually do

not have this organ. Instead they exhibit structures similar to

hydrofoils in order to provide hydrodynamic lift. It has also been

found that the deeper a fish lives, the more jelly-like its flesh and the

more minimal its bone structure. They reduce their tissue density

through high fat content, reduction of skeletal weight – accomplished

through reductions of size, thickness, and mineral content – and

water accumulation makes them slower and less agile than surface

fish.

题型难度分析

1-6 判断题

1. he expected to see darkness 在 15 米 TRUE

2. 他第一次怀疑 F 这种物质起作用是在德国 FALSE

3. 所有有 red marking 的 fish 都是在 red sea 发现的 NOT GIVEN

4. 第一次发现 fluorescence 是在德国 FALSE

5. TRUE

6. TRUE

7-13 填空题

7. communication

8. eyes

9. location

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Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations

10. 鱼依靠 F 这个物质告诉同类它们的 enemies

11. 相近的 species 出现了多样性

13. seahorse

本篇文章判断和填空各占一半，判断题属于主流题型，在本篇文章中

难度中等；填空题相对而言内容较为简单，文章定位也比较容易。且

两种题型都是顺序题型，所以难度适中。

题型技巧分析

对于是非无判断题考生需注意以下几点：

1. 首先要看清题目要求， 明确的书写， 是要写 TRUE/FALSE/NOT

GIVEN 还是 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN, 注意规范的书写方式应当是大写

全拼。

2. 审题时要注意找好定位词和考点词，定位词通常以名词信息为主，

要注意常见的考点词。

3. 在做判断时，切记要以原文内容为依据，切勿发散思维加入主观联

想。

剑桥雅思原文

练习

剑 7 Test 1 Passage 1

Reading Passage 2

Title: American Cinema

Question types:

段落标题配对题 7 题

句子配对题 4 题

选择题 2 题

文章内容回顾 美国电影的发展史简介

题型难度分析

14-20 段落标题配对题

15. v

19. vii

25-26 选择题

25. 选： C（文章说在拍了一些 short film 之后）

26. 选： D（其它公司 imitate Griffith 的 innovation）

段落标题选择题对很多考生来说是正确率较低同时较为费时的一种题

型。建议考生可以先做本文中其他的细节题型，待对文章的大意及结

构有了初步把握后再做 heading 题相对较好。

题型技巧分析

段落标题选择题（ List of headings）解题思路剖析：

1. 先将例子所使用的标题选项划去，并暂且忽略例子所对应的段落。

2. 浏览标题选项，标出关键词。

3. 浏览文章，把握各段的主题句和核心词汇。如没有主题句或核心词

汇，则尝试自行概括段落大意。

4. 与段落主题句或核心词汇构成同义替换的选项即为。

剑桥雅思原文

练习

剑 6 Test 3 Passage 1

朗阁海外考试研究中心

Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations

Reading Passage 3

Title: Dark side of technological boom

Question types:

句子配对题 3 题

人名观点配对题 6 题

判断题 5 题

文章内容回顾 科技在现代生活中的各种弊端

题型难度分析

配对题和判断题均是考查文章的细节，配对题本身不遵循顺序原则，

花费时间较多，难度较大。判断题同样属于主流题型，遵循顺序原则，

难度中等。

题型技巧分析

人名理论配对考查的是某个人的言论，观点，评论发现等。考生应当

先去原文中寻找题目中所涉及的人名，寻找的时候要快要全，然后在

人名的周围寻找理论， 理论通常以如下方式表现出来： 人名+ think /say

/claim /argue /believe /report /find /discover /insist /admit /report... +

that 从句，所以要重点阅读从句中的内容。

剑桥雅思原文

练习

剑 5 Test 3 Passage 3

考试趋势分析和备考指导：

本场考试中主流题型都有出现，判断、配对、选择题的数量较多，对这几种题型考生要熟练

掌握其做题方法，在练习的过程中对错题做好错误分析。

配对题中重点关注段落细节配对，其特点之一就是同义替换，也就是说它对原文中的一

句话或一段话进行彻底的语义转换，有些甚至是高度概括，这就要求考生具备非常强的语言

理解能力，这是需要在平时不断阅读不断积累才能达成的。本场考试中还出现了 heading

题，此种题型对考生的段落理解能力有很高的要求，所以考生在上考场之前一定要把英语基

本功打牢。总之，考生在考前要以剑桥为主要材料，认真做题，阅读的同时积累高频词

和锻炼分析长难句的能力，并且总结分析错误，对每种题型都认真掌握。