朗阁海外考试研究中心  郑虹

 

考试日期：2015年11月19日（A卷）

Reading Passage 1

Title:

恐龙灭绝

Question types:

判断题 6题

概括填空题 7题

文章内容回顾

人们认为恐龙的灭绝是因为陨石，有一个科学家认为恐龙的繁荣也因为陨石，恐龙比人们认为的要小，恐龙的足迹并不能够用来地辨别出不同的物种，在岛屿上的蜥蜴生长的体型很大，因为没有竞争生物。陨石坑在海里很难发现，因为板块发生了漂移。

题型难度分析

1-6判断题

1. 人们对于恐龙是否因陨石而灭绝还有争论 NO

2. 恐龙比电影和书籍里描述的要小 YES

3. 恐龙的足迹能够辨别出不同的物种 NO

7-13概括填空题

8. dragons

9. competition

10. overlooked

篇题型比较简单，总共只有两种题型，个题型判断题比较容易定位，可以在短时间内做完。第二个题型是摘要填空题，也比较简单，选的大部分是原词。

题型技巧分析

判断题平常练习时注意定位，掌握判断的依据，即：定位点+考点。判断题是细节题，又是按顺序的，比较容易。其次做题时看清楚题目要求，是写TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN还是YES, NO, NOT GIVEN。

摘要填空题注意平常的定位练习，因为是整篇文章的最后一个题型，所以大概范围应该在文章后半部分，选词时注意空格前后如何解释说明。

剑桥雅思原文练习

剑7 Test 4 Passage 1（文章题型一样）

Reading Passage 2

Title:

来自自然的灵感

Question types:

段落信息配对题 4题

人名配对题 4题

摘要概括填空题 5题

文章内容回顾

一种甲虫通过张开翅膀，在日出之前收集露水来获得饮水，就像打过蜡的车顶，碰到雨水后会沿着轨迹流下来。自然界中的灵感能够被运用到生产、设计当中，蜘蛛吐的丝很坚韧，能够被借鉴到工业生产中，还能够用到医疗行业。在重要的行业当中，也能够运用到借鉴自然的设计。

题型难度分析

14-17段落信息配对题

14. 选：medical use（原文：wounds）

15. 选：most important（原文：essential）

22-26摘要概括填空题

22. sun

23. fog

24. wind

25. mouth

26. roof

本篇文章难度中等，个题型是阅读中难的题型，即段落信息匹配题。第二个题型是人名匹配题，定位简单，比较容易。第三个题型是摘要概括选词填空题，只要定位准确，选词也不难。

题型技巧分析

整篇文章三种题型，个题型是无序的，果断放到最后做，先做人名匹配题和摘要选词填空题。段落信息匹配题需注意以下几点：一次性看完所有选项，简单题先做，再用排除法。关键在于看懂问题所给的句子以及整篇文章的结构。

剑桥雅思原文练习

剑7 Test 1 Passage 1（文章体裁相似）

Reading Passage 3

Title:

Communication styles and conflict

Question types:

段落大意题 8题

判断题 5题

选择题 1题

文章内容回顾

交际风格与人的性格是相关的，了解每个人的性格以及所对应的交际风格对于我们解决冲突是很有益的。

相关英文原文阅读

List of Headings

i. Summarizing personality types

ii. Combinedstyles for workplace

iii. Physical explanation

iv. A lively person who encourages

v. Demanding and unsympathetic personality

vi. Lazy and careless personality

vii. The benefits of understanding communication styles

viii. Cautious and caring

ix. Factualand analytical personality

x. Self-assessment determines one’s temperament

27. Section A              iii

28. Section B              vii

29. Section C       i

30. Section D       iv

31. Section E              ix

32. Section F              viii

33. Section G       v

34. Section H       ii

Communicating Styles and Conflict

Knowing your communication style and having a mix of styles on your team can provide a positive force for resolving conflict.

Section A

As far back as Hippocrates’ time (460-370 B. C.) people have tried to understand other people by characterizing them according to personality type or temperament. Hippocrates believed there were four different body fluids that influenced four basic types of temperament. His work was further developed 500 years later by Galen (130-200 A. D.). These days there are any number of self-assessment tools that relate to the basic descriptions developed by Galen, although we no longer believe the source to be the types of body fluid that dominate our systems.

Section B

The value in self-assessments that help determine personality style, learning styles, communication styles, conflict-handling styles, or other aspects of individuals is that they help depersonalize conflict in interpersonal relationships. The depersonalization occurs when you realize that others aren’t trying to be difficult, but they need different or more information than you do. They’re not intending to be rude; they are so focused on the task they forget about greeting people. They would like to work faster but not at the risk of damaging the relationships needed to get the job done. They understand there is a job to do, but it can only be done right with the appropriate information, which takes time to collect. When used appropriately, understanding communication styles can help resolve conflict on teams. Very rarely are conflicts true personality issues. Usually they are issues of style, information needs, or focus.

Section C

Hippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic and choleric. These descriptions were developed centuries ago and are still somewhat apt, although you could update the wording. In today’s world, they translate into the four fairly common communication styles described below:

Section D

The sanguine person would be the expressive or spirited style of communication. These people speak in pictures. They invest a lot of emotion and energy in their communication and often speak quickly, putting their whole body into it. They are easily sidetracked onto a story that may or may not illustrate the point they are trying to make. Because of their enthusiasm they are great team motivators. They are concerned about people and relationships. Their high levels of energy can come on strong at times and their focus is usually on the bigger picture, which means they sometimes miss the details or the proper order of things. These people find conflict or differences of opinion invigorating and love to engage in a spirited discussion. They love change and are constantly looking for new and exciting adventures.

Section E

The phlegmatic person — cool and persevering — translates into the technical or systematic communication style. This style of communication is focused on facts and technical details. Phlegmatic people have an orderly methodical way of approaching tasks, and their focus is very much on the task, not on the people, emotions, or concerns that the task may evoke. The focus is also more on the details necessary to accomplish a task. Sometimes the details overwhelm the big picture and focus needs to be brought back to the context of the task. People with this style think the facts should speak for themselves, and they are not as comfortable with conflict. They need time to adapt to change and need to understand both the logic of it and the steps involved.

Section F

The melancholic person who is softhearted and oriented toward doing things for others translates into the considerate or sympathetic communication style. A person with this communication style is focused on people and relationships. They are good listeners and do things for other people — sometimes to the detriment of getting things done for themselves. They want to solicit everyone’s opinion and make sure everyone is comfortable with whatever is required to get the job done. At times this focus on others can distract from the task at hand. Because they are so concerned with the needs of others and smoothing over issues, they do not like conflict. They believe that change threatens the status quo and tends to make people feel uneasy so people with this communication style, like phlegmatic people, need time to consider the changes in order to adapt to them.

Section G

The choleric temperament translates into the bold or direct style of communication. People with this style are brief in their communication — the fewer words the better. They are big picture thinkers and love to be involved in many things at once. They are focused on tasks and outcomes and often forget that the people involved in carrying out the tasks have needs. They don’t do detail work easily and as a result can often underestimate how much time it takes to achieve the task. Because they are so direct, they often seem forceful and can be very intimidating to others. They usually would welcome someone challenging them, but most other styles are afraid to do so. They also thrive on change, the more the better.

Section H

A well-functioning team should have all of these communication styles for true effectiveness. All teams need to focus on the task, and they need to take care of relationships in order to achieve those tasks. They need the big picture perspective or the context of their work, and they need the details to be identified and taken care of for success. We all have aspects of each style within us. Some of us can easily move from one style to another and adapt our style to the needs of the situation at hand — whether the focus is on tasks or relationships. For others, a dominant style is very evident, and it is more challenging to see the situation from the perspective of another style. The work environment can influence communication styles either by the type of work that is required or by the predominance of one style reflected in that environment. Some people use one style at work and another at home. The good news about communication styles is that we all have the ability to develop flexibility in our styles. The greater the flexibility we have, the more skilled we usually are at handling possible and actual conflicts. Usually it has to be relevant to us to do so, either because we think it is important or because there are incentives in our environment to encourage it. The key is that we have to want to become flexible with our communication style. As Henry Ford said, "Whether you think you can or you can’t, you’re right!”

Questions 35-39

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

TRUE            if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE          if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN   if there is no information on this

35. It is believed that sanguine people dislike variety. FALSE

36. Melancholic and phlegmatic people have similar characteristics. TRUE

37. Managers often select their best employees according to personality types. NOT GIVEN

38. It is possible to change one’s personality type. TRUE

39. Workplace environment can affect which communication style is most effective. TRUE

Question 40

Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.

The writer believes using self-assessment tools can 选：B

A. help to develop one’s personality.

B. help to understand colleagues’ behavior.

C. improve one’s relationship with the employer.

D. directly resolve conflicts.

题型难度分析

题型难度中等，段落大意题和选择题比较难，判断题相对来说比较简单。考生可能时间会不够。

题型技巧分析

做这三种题型时，注意做题步骤，段落大意题留到最后做，先做判断题和选择题，对文章整体了解后再去做段落大意题会比较简单。

剑桥雅思原文练习

剑7 Test 2 Passage 3（文章体裁相似）

考试趋势分析和备考指导：

本次考试的题型属于中等难度，两大无序题（段落大意题和信息选段落）都出现了，考生在做这套题时可能时间会不够，所以平常练习时，有类似题型出现，应合理安排时间，容易的题型先做，再做难题型，在时间上把握好。是非无判断题是雅思阅读考试的经典题型，几乎每场都考，所以考生应该对这种题型格外注意，在备考时，应着重掌握此题型。此次还考了summary填空，填空题是阅读中比较简单的题型，考生在这种题型上应尽量做到快，准。考生应在平常注重词汇的积累和句子结构的分析，才能在考场上做到游刃有余。

在接下来的一个月，匹配题及段落大意题出题的频率应该也会比较高，同学们在备考时应多注意此类题型的特点及解题方法。

考试日期：

2015年11月19日（B卷）

Reading Passage 1

Title:

Date palm

海枣树

Question types:

判断题 7题

填空题 5题

单选题 1题

文章内容回顾

海枣树的原产地在伊拉克，因为生存能力强，引进到了埃及和伊朗，主要因为当地的树有疾病。

相关英文原文阅读

Date palms are believed to have originated around what is now Iraq, and have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to prehistoric Egypt, possibly as early as 4000 BCE. The Ancient Egyptians used the fruits to make date wine, and ate them at harvest. There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in eastern Arabia in 6000 BCE. (Alvarez-Mon 2006)

Date Palms are susceptible to a disease called Bayoud disease, which is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This disease, which kills many of the popular older cultivars like Deglet Noor, has led to a major decline in production where it is present, notably Morocco and western Algeria. However, new cultivars resistant to the disease are being developed.[citation needed] A major palm pest, the red palm beetle (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) currently poses a significant threat to date production in parts of the Middle East as well as to iconic landscape specimens throughout the Mediterranean world.

In the 1920s, eleven healthy Madjool palms were transferred from Morocco to the United States where they were tended by members of the Chemehuevi tribe in a remote region of Nevada. Nine of these survived and in 1935, cultivars were transferred to the US Date Garden in Indio, California. Eventually this stock was reintroduced to Africa and led to the US production of dates in Yuma, Arizona and the Bard Valley in California.

题型难度分析

本篇文章题型难度较低，总共三种题型，都是细节题，并且都遵循顺序原则，考生只要定位准确，可以在短时间内提高做题速度和度。

题型技巧分析

是非无判断题题型需注意以下几点：，是非无判断题虽然遵循有序原则，但是因为有存在NOT GIVEN这一可能性，所以建议考生在做题时，一次可以定位两题，以免找不到而焦虑不安。第二，在划问题定位词时，建议考生多划几个名词信息点，提高定位准确性。第三，因为是个题型，考生可以从段开始找，不要从中间浏览，以免漏掉。

剑桥雅思原文练习

剑5 Test 4 Passage 3（文章题型相似）

Reading Passage 2

Title:

Japanese Pottery

日本瓷器

Question types:

段落大意配对

填空题

文章内容回顾

某一种材料的瓷器曾经差点失传，有一个人发现了传统制法，又推广开来了。之后详细讲解了如何制作以及它在日常生活中的用途，比如茶具等（由于日本的茶艺文化）。后来有个年轻人，父亲是制陶者，念完书后就向父亲学习，最后将这个技艺发扬光大，并且获得了很多成就和名望。

题型难度分析

本篇文章难度中等，填空题比较简单，段落大意题较难。

题型技巧分析

整体上把握时间，先做填空题，容易题先做，注意字数限制及拼写。填空题做完后对文章大概有了解再去做段落大意配对会比较简单。段落大意题注意以下几点：简单的、看得懂的段落先做，再用排除法。

剑桥雅思原文练习

剑6 Test 4 Passage1（题型相似）

Reading Passage 3

Title:

批判学校的科学教育

Question types:

单选题

判断题

摘要选择填空题（带选项）

文章内容回顾

学校里的科学学习不吸引人，也不切实际，仅仅是基于假设。批判学科学的方法太过单一。之后介绍了两种科学学习方法：argument和explanation, 前者是现在科学教育常用的方法，后者需要大量的理论基础。

题型难度分析

判断比较简单，其它两种题型较难

题型技巧分析

最后一篇文章出现单选题，应该比较难，单选题有时候考细节，有时候考概括，如果是概括就很难，建议基础比较弱的考生碰到此题先放弃，先做判断题。整体上把握时间，做完后面两题，有时间再做单选题。

剑桥雅思原文练习

剑7 Test 1 Passage 3（题型相似）

考试趋势分析和备考指导：

相对于A卷，本套试卷的题型难度会低一些，没有出现段落细节配对题，或者大量概括题。和A卷一样，是非无判断题，所以考生应该对这种题型格外注意，在备考时，应着重掌握此题型。考生在做题时应该根据自己平常的训练，简单题型先做，难题型后做，把握好时间。

在之后的备考中，同学们还是应多背单词，注意句子结构分析，打好基础，才能在考场上应付自如。

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