托福口语的独立题，通常对于大多数考生而言，是整个口语考试过程中为紧张的一个环节。15秒的准备时间让很多考生傻了眼，不知道如何进行，只能想到丰富心灵、放松身心、强健身体这几个中文里面的常用词，再也想不出其它了。很多考生都向笔者反映，其实在平时的练习中，也觉得构造独立题的观点不难，但是要听上去很实际，就只能勉强想出一个，要同时想出两个比较实际的观点，难度就比较大，15秒是不够的。

在这里，朗阁海外考试研究中心的将跟大家分享两种进行独立题拓展的方法。希望在大家的备考过程中或者进行套题模考的过程中能起到一定的作用，加快观点构思，减少对口语的恐惧感。

拓展方法一：具体分析法

所谓具体分析法，意思就是在一些话题上，大家可以从话题中心的某一个细节去发展，而不是笼统的从一个很大的概念出发去进行观点构思，这样就可以做到具体问题具体分析，并且有一定的内容可以辅助大家进行表达。

例如在Talk about a study habit of yours that is different from others这道题目中，我们可以看到我们要围绕的话题中心为study habit（学习习惯），不同于他人的学习习惯，考生看到话题立即从原生态的学习习惯开始：记笔记、向老师问问题、仔细检查或是和同学交流。这里，我们并不是说这样的话题不好，但确实不够新颖。此外，考生会发现很难再有更具体的观点能够将话题继续下去，因为我们把话题放在了一个很大的平台上——学习。学习是一个特别抽象的词，要把一个非常抽象的概念说具体，难度是非常大的。

那我们可否来具体分析学习这个词呢？对于备考托福的考生来说，我们近都在学英语呀。特别是对于正在备考口语的同学来说，大家在练习英语口语，那我们能否把学习习惯这个词具体化起来，What is study habit? -- It can be oralEnglish studying habit. 这样我们就把学习习惯具体化起来了，学习英语口语的习惯是否要比学习习惯好拓展很多呢？那我们可以很快地想到这样一个方法：Recording。这是在很多口语课上都会有的活动之一，然后比较recording对于oral English的帮助，是否要容易很多呢？

A study habit of yours: It is recording when I practice speakingEnglish.

The reason that it is different from others: It is because of the factthat most of the students will merely read the material or write down and tryto recite them.

Benefits of recording:

1. check grammar and pronunciation mistakes

2. be aware of the intonation and make ajustment

有了以上三个点，我们可以这样进行描述：

The study habit of mine is that when I learnt to practice speakingEnglish, I would record what I said down into my mobile phone. It is a way thatis totally different from others who will, for most of the time, merely readthe material or write down and try to recite them. I suppose that recoring is agood method which helps me to check all my grammar and pronunciation mistakes.So consequently, when I speak English, I will try to pay attention to theseproblems. What’s more, when I record them down, I am able to be aware of myintonation changes and make some adjustment to make it more like nativespeaking.

拓展方法二：头脑风暴法

这里的头脑风暴法，我们也可以说成是联想法。我们需要去说一些抽象话题的时候，能否把有关话题的各个方面都联想到，或者说我们是否能够至少联想到两个话题的相关点呢？例如工作满意度这样的话题，大家是否能够想到各方面跟工作相关的要素呢：leader / working environment/ colleague/ salary / responsibility / position等等。

例如这道题目：Some people prefer to shop in big shopping malls while others prefersmaller shops. 从话题看，大家应该能够很快看到关键词——shop。那如何在快的时间内构造两个想法呢？这里，大家能否很快的对shop进行头脑风暴呢？和它有关的方面有哪些呢？Shop--shop assistant/ service/ products/ quality/on sale/ exchange / price/ entertainment /parking等等。

只要大家能够较快的想出两个方面，那观点就很好构造了。从大商场的角度出发：

Shop assistant--warm / have good service / know more about a typicalproduct

Product--various choices/ good quality / finish buying all thenecessary things at one place

On sale--goods will sometimes on sale, so the price can be relativelylower

Exchange--if the product’s got any problem, it can be exchanged easier

Entertainment--in addition to buy goods, people can watch movie orhave a dinner in the shopping mall

Parking--it owns private parking space

这样一来，我们根据其中任意两个点就可以进行话题构造了：

I’m the kind of person who prefers to shop in the big shopping malls.Firstly, I suppose that the products in the big shopping malls are moreguaranteed. I mean, most of the brands in the big shopping mall are well knownby the public and it is likely that the goods in the big shopping malls will beupdated more quickly as more people will buy them. In addition, as a youngpeople, I like big shopping malls because when I try to buy something, I willtry some other entertainments, like watching movies and eat those food in therestaurant. All these things are possible for me only shopping in one bigshopping mall and never going out. So that is why I prefer the big shoppingmall.

对于这两种话题拓展方法，希望考生们在备考和考试的时候都能够适当应用，这样能帮助大家节省很多时间，并且可以保证大家的观点会比较新颖。此外，要注意对于话题的具体点扩充，有了具体的点，相信大家也比较容易进行话题的具体描述。